What Is the Chain of Survival?

Published on: 23 January 2019 Last Updated on: 10 September 2024

When it comes to administering first aid to people, it is always best to leave it to professionals.

However, there are certain instances when you simply cannot, or should not wait for them to arrive.

There are some studies which show just how important it can be to administer first aid to a person until professionals arrive.

First aid experts at Advanced Healthcare Education share with us what the chain of survival is and why it is so important, that it is taught in all health courses approved by the American Heart Association.

What Is the Chain of Survival?

In the simplest terms, the chain of survival is a string of important actions which need to be taken in order to maximize the likelihood of survival of a person who experienced a cardiac arrest or similar problem.

If you know what the links in this chain are, you are far more likely to be able to help someone, no matter if you have any medical experience or not.

Links of the Chain:

The first and perhaps most important step in the process of saving someone’s life is recognizing that there is an emergency and that action needs to be undertaken.

If this ever happens to you, you need to call 911 immediately. Even if the situation turns out to be less critical than you originally thought, it is always better to be safe than sorry.

If you are at a place which has an automated external defibrillator, have someone bring it to the person in distress.

CPR and Chest Compressions:

Once the emergency services have been alerted to the situation, the first link of the chain has been completed. However, this is not where your help ends. If you have any BLS training, you can actually administer CPR and chest compressions.

Even if you are not skilled in basic life support, the 911 operator can guide you through it and you can greatly improve the chances of a person’s survival until help arrives.

You should continue with CPR until professionals arrive.

Rapid Defibrillation:

If you have an automated external defibrillator (AED) at hand, it is another step you can take in order to help a person in distress.

The machine needs to be placed next to the person you are helping. There are clear visual and audio instructions on the device itself which will help you attach the machine to the patient.

The machine itself will inform you if the shock is required. If so, make sure nobody is touching the patient and administer the shock.

Some of these machines can actually help you administer proper CPR and chest compressions.

Basic and Advanced Care:

This fourth step in the chain refers to the trained medical professionals who should be able to provide not only the basic medical support you could but also more advanced treatment, such as administering medication.

Additionally, medical professionals are trained in advanced respiration procedures which can help provide oxygen to the patient even if they are unconscious and not breathing on their own.

However, in order for the medical professionals to respond to an emergency, the first link of the chain is crucial – someone needs to contact emergency services.

Advanced Life Support:

Finally, advanced life support is largely left to the professionals. If the situation with the patient is that critical, the patient needs to be taken to the hospital where a team of different medical professionals can take care of them.

Even though you can help someone without any medical training, you can be much more effective if you have simple BLS training. This course is relatively simple, but it instills some of the crucial points about saving lives, including the chain of survival.

Read Also:

Seeking A Healthy Career: 10 Tempting Medical Careers To Check Out

Content Rally

Content Rally wrapped around an online publication where you can publish your own intellectuals. It is a publishing platform designed to make great stories by content creators. This is your era, your place to be online. So come forward share your views, thoughts and ideas via Content Rally.

View all posts

Top 9 Legitimate Reasons To Call Out Of Work

Many employees feel guilty when they want to take a leave (even when sick). This happens more often for work-from-home employees. Generally, there can be certain reasons to call out of work. Once you take time off respectfully, it will be good for your physical and mental health and the organization. In this article, you will learn about legitimate reasons to call out of work. Also, this article will give you tips that you can call out of work. Hence, to learn more, read on to the end of the article. Are You Looking For Reasons To Call Out Of Work? There are many reasons why you can call out of work. However, these are not “bulletproof excuses to get out of work.” Understand that these are genuine reasons and not excuses. Your employer will understand and approve your request once you have a genuine reason to call out of work. For instance, employers accept medical conditions, emergencies, and personal matters as valid reasons for such cases. However, you must be aware of your employer’s off-time policies. As long as you are not misusing company policies to your advantage, you can reframe calling out of work as a form of self-care. When you are calling out, use the method that your employer prefers. Also, keep your reason brief. Additionally, you can also suggest solutions for missing work. Meanwhile, you must prepare for a return to work soon. This way, you can minimize work disruption. Moreover, try to show commitment to catch up to your projects. Hence, read the next section to learn how to call out of work for personal reasons and emergencies. Here Are 9 Major Reasons To Call Out Of Work You can offer plenty of reasons if you want to miss work or stay at home. However, you must make sure that you are not taking the wrong advantage of your employer’s policies. Thereby, you can reframe your staying out of work as a form of self-care. Basically, when you take enough time to rest and recover your energy, you will feel more productive and focused. Also, you will be able to use your conceptual skills better. This will be beneficial for both you and your employer. Moreover, calling out of work makes more sense if you are sick. When you are not fully fit, despite doing the work, you are not fully present. This will impact on your productivity and efficiency. Hence, it is a better step to call out of work. The following are the top reasons to call out of work: 1. Loss Of Someone Close When a family member, relative, or someone close passes away, you must call out of work. Apart from processing your grief, you must also deal with financial and logistical arrangements for the funeral. In fact, some employers even offer a bereavement leave policy if you have a death in the family. Hence, consider checking your employee handbook or the HR portal to see how to apply for bereavement leave. Also, you can consult with the HR department or your manager directly about the situation and what next steps you must take. Everyone relates to a personal loss, and your manager must understand that you need time to recover and make a comeback. 2. Sickness And Medical Problems You might suffer from a seasonal allergy, common cold, minor headache, etc. Although you might still be able to work partly, it is essential to call out of work. This is because your illness is keeping you from efficiency and high productivity. Also, if you over-stress yourself, you might get sicker and must be called out of work for more days. Moreover, if you must go to the office in person, contagious diseases like coughing and cold can be one of the reasons for calling out of work. However, in such cases, your employer might ask you to show a doctor’s note if you inform them that you are seriously ill. 3. Sickness Of A Dependent Or Someone Close Although you are not sick, a family member might be ill at home. Here, if you are the only person to take care of them, you have a good reason to call them out of work. In this case, you might also need to take them to a doctor’s clinic, give them medication, or pick up a prescription. When there is a family need, there is no way you can stall it for work responsibilities. Hence, you must take a step to take a leave. For instance, you can use your sick time or leave to ensure your family’s well-being. 4. Family Emergency Family comes first, and you must prioritize your family over your job. Hence, when you face a family emergency, you have strong reasons to call out of work. In such cases, your employer will understand, and this is a good reason to look after your family, Generally, during family emergencies, the stakes are high. Your family needs you in such situations, and your boss will understand that. For example, if someone needs urgent surgery, or if someone is injured, or someone has seriously fallen ill, you must call out of work. 5. Doctor’s Appointment If you need to make a medical appointment, you can notify your employer in advance. In such situations, taking a day off is most suitable. However, in rare cases, you might need to call out or take a sick day off. For example, if you are waiting to meet a busy doctor with limited access, you might need to take the day off. In such cases, if you do not take the chance, you might have to wait months to see your doctor. In these situations, it is reasonable for you to miss work for the appointment. However, make sure to communicate properly with your manager. 6. Childcare As a parent, you cannot afford to take a chance on your child’s health. In such cases, you need ultimate workplace flexibility. This is because you need time to raise children in addition to contributing to your job. Moreover, even if you work from home, it does not mean you can care for your child. In fact, if you work from home, you cannot take care of your child properly, nor can you work with good productivity. It is okay if you need some time to work on childcare arrangements. If you talk and explain the situation to your employer, they will understand and grant you leave. 7. Pet Care Your pet is also a part of your home and your extended family. If your pet is in an emergency situation, you have a good reason to call out of work. For example, if your dog/cat gets into the trash and eats something poisonous, it is important to take your dog to a vet. In other cases, your pet might be sick. Sometimes, you must take your pet to a vet appointment. Basically, when there is a pet at your home, taking care of the animal is your responsibility. Hence, when you are about to call out of work, notify the reasons for your leave. 8. Illness Due To Food Poisoning You might feel sick due to food poisoning. This is a problem that wrecks your body and compels you to stay up all night. It happens after you eat something bad, and it causes sickness in your body. In such a case, you might need extra sleep or time to recover from your sickness. Moreover, if the problem is bigger, you might even need medications. Hence, there are enough reasons to call out of work. In these situations, you can inform your manager of your sickness. They will surely understand your problem and allow you to take leave. 9. Personal Day Mental health is something that many people neglect. Sometimes, you must take a break when you have too much. On the other hand, you might be facing physical strain. In such situations, taking a day off is good for your health. In fact, you will feel much better the next day. However, you must not use your day to search for another job. This is straight-out dishonest, and you will put your coworkers in a difficult position. For instance, your coworkers must deal with extra work if you leave at the last minute without a good reason. To attend interviews, you can use your traditional paid time off. Moreover, you must plan in such situations. Call Out Of Work Now The above reasons for calling out of work are good enough to maintain a good image in your organization and get your time off simultaneously. Also, you must inform your manager when you are calling out of work. Do you have more suggestions or reasons to offer on how to call out of work? Please share your ideas and opinions in the comments section below. Read Also: Should You Be Friends With Your Co-Workers? What To Consider When Searching For A New Job 5 Major Tips to Increase Employee Engagement in a Call Centre Industry

How To Become A Radiology Tech? – Skills, Qualifications, Education, And More

How to become a radiology tech? You can start your career by getting an associate degree in radiology. However, if you get an advanced degree, you can qualify for leadership roles. Then, you must consider specializing in a radiology area. Moreover, you must earn a certification from ARRT if you want to get a state license. In this article, you will learn about how to become a radiology tech and pursue a career in the field. This article also guides you through the factors you must consider as you prepare to become a radiology tech. Finally, you will get a step-by-step guide on pursuing a career as a radiology tech. Hence, to learn more, read on to the end of the article. How to Become a Radiology Tech? – A General Overview Generally, a radiology tech performs important diagnostic imaging procedures. Also, they perform scans to get a better idea of a patient’s health condition. This helps radiologists and physicians better. If this job seems interesting to you, you must consider pursuing a career as a radiology tech. However, you must understand the different requirements for becoming a radiology tech. This can help you successfully land a job at a reputed place. A radiology tech is a healthcare professional who helps in finding out health issues with patients. If you become a radiology tech, you have to operate X-rays and other medical imaging tech to find out problems. Moreover, you will have other duties as well. For instance, you might need to explain radiology procedures to patients and handle complex imaging machines. Moreover, you also need to ensure the compliance of safety protocols. According to the US Bureau of Labor Survey, the average radiology tech salary is $73,410 (2023 data). Moreover, you will have better-earning potential with some radiology tech specializations like MRI scanning, nuclear medicine, radiation therapists, etc. Radiology Tech Specializations Once you pursue a career as a radiology tech, you must have one or more specializations. Some specializations include: Medical Imaging like X-rays, CT Scans, MRI, and mammography Nuclear Medicine To become a radiologist technician, you must complete a high school diploma and then pursue a radiology program. Then, after you choose your specialization, you must get a radiographer certification. After that, you can prepare your resume and then apply for jobs. How To Become A Radiology Tech? – Factors To Consider If you want a service in the healthcare industry and also want plenty of contact with patients, you will enjoy a career as a radiology tech. In fact, to start working, you just need an associate degree in radiology or a similar field. However, if you want early success in this career, you must have an eye for detail. Also, having good math and technical skills will help you grow a lot. Apart from that, you need to show a compassionate outlook. On the other hand, this is actually a physically demanding job. Apart from that, this field is constantly evolving. Hence, if you have more stamina than others and you can adapt to different conditions, you can succeed in this job. The following are the major factors you must consider if you want to know how to become a radiology tech: Radiology Tech Job Description As a radiographer, you might practice radiography or specialize in different medical imaging techniques. Actually, you have to work with doctors and radiologists to produce images of patients’s organs. The following are some of the major tasks you will need to do as a radiology tech: Prepare patients for radiology tests. Also, you must explain the procedure to them and make them remove metal objects from their body. Perform tests like X-ray exams, mammograms, MRI scans, etc. Sometimes, you must review patient histories, doctor reports, charts, etc. Position patients and align them with machines. Additionally, you must calibrate machines to accurately produce images. Moreover, you must follow safety protocols and shielding devices. This way, you can save yourself, patients, and other coworkers from harmful radiation. You must check the clarity of images and explain them to doctors in your team. Since you know the correct procedure to use equipment, you need to sterilize and store imaging equipment accordingly. You must control radiology tech equipment in such a way as to produce accurate images with enough density and detail. Stay updated about radiation equipment and its safety measures. Also, you must learn how to use protection devices. You must have basic information about state and federal regulations and the policies of medical institutions. This way, you can ensure compliance with those regulations and policies. Radiology Technician (Xray Tech) Specializations Here are the major specializations of a radiology tech out of which you need to choose yours: X-rays Computed tomography (CT) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Sonography Bone densitometry Nuclear medicine Vascular interventional radiography Mammography Cardiac-interventional radiography Essential Qualifications And Education To become a radiology tech, you can take different educational approaches. This is because there are several pathways to explore. The following are some of the most popular options to consider: 🎓LXMO Certificates You need almost a year to complete LXMO certificates. Basically, with the help of these certifications, you can quickly become a radiology tech. However, there are some drawbacks to consider. For instance, if you have something less than an associate degree, you cannot earn an ARRT certificate. As a result, you will not qualify for a radiology tech license in some states. 🎓Associate Degrees Generally, associate programs are for two years. Once you complete them, you can get a good exposure to radiology technology. Apart from that, these programs also include hands-on clinical experience and general education classes. 🎓Practitioner Certificates A degree course takes a lot of time and effort. Hence, radiology tech expands their qualification by earning certificates with specializations. However, these certificates are for practicing individuals and not starters in the field. 🎓Bachelor’s Degree A four-year degree in radiology technology will give you a deep dive into medical imaging. Also, you can develop a big picture in the radiology field. Also, you will gain various communication and analytical skills. Hence, you will be ready for managerial and supervisory roles. 🎓Master’s Degree If you want to pursue further studies in the field of radiology technology, a Master’s Degree is the way forward. This will prepare you to pursue extensive knowledge in the subject. Also, you can be prepared for leadership and advanced practice. Moreover, you will have a chance to become a registered radiologist assistant. How To Become A Radiology Tech? – Steps To Follow To become a radiology tech, follow the steps below: 1. Pass a Diploma or an Equivalent Program Here, you just need to earn a high school diploma or the GED test. Moreover, you will benefit from taking classes in the PCMB (Physics, Chemistry, Math, and Biology). Once you have a solid background in these subjects, you will have a better understanding of radiology and its technologies. Moreover, you can consider volunteering at a healthcare center. This will help you understand the work environment. 2. Complete an Accredited Radiology Program Many medical facilities and employers look for radiology tech with formal education and certification. Hence, you must pursue a hospital-based or college-based program with JRCERT accreditation. Hence, you must consider getting a two-year associate degree in radiology tech. This will ensure you an entry-level position. However, for supervisory and administrative roles, you might need a Bachelor’s or a Master’s Degree. After getting your specialization, you must complete your clinical training at a major hospital or a diagnostic center. This will help you to get placements after you complete your training. 3. Earn A Certification To start working, you have to show a state board license along with an ARRT certification. However, to get this certification, you must have a Bachelor’s degree. Also, you must meet the ethical requirements of this certification. Moreover, to maintain your certification, you must complete various continuing education courses in radiology and radiography. Furthermore, you can also choose advanced training as you complete the former. 4. Prepare Your Resume And Apply For Jobs With the help of an effective resume, you can improve your chances of securing an interview. However, make sure you get tips on your resume from a professional. Additionally, ensure your resume is concise and has a professional summary of why you are the right person for the job. Apart from that, your resume must also contain brief details about your skills, experience, and educational background. Moreover, you must also ensure that your resume is tailored to your job requirements. Land Your Radiology Tech Job Now You now know how to become a radiology tech. You have seen that these professionals perform multiple medical imaging procedures, CT scans, and X-rays. However, as a radiology tech, you will be working with medical teams consisting of doctors, registered nurses, and other healthcare professionals. Hence, consider working on your communication skills. Do you have more suggestions on how to become a radiology tech? Please share your ideas and opinions in the comments section below. Read Also: Copywriting Jobs 101: Essential Steps To Become A Copywriter In Demand Jobs 2024: 11 Roles That Are Skyrocketing In The Job Market

Best Blue Collar Jobs For Women In 2024!

Blue-collar jobs are manual labor positions that require employees to use their hands and physical strength to complete tasks. Maybe that is why people do not consider talking about the best blue collar jobs for women. However, if you are someone who is trying your best to strive for equity/equality, and would want to know about this topic, I have you covered! Therefore, keep on reading this blog till the end to learn more… Women and Blue Collar Jobs: Do They Go Hand in Hand? Well, it is true that blue-collar jobs include working with machinery, in factories, or on building sites, and frequently involve creating or fixing things. These workers typically acquire their abilities through hands-on training or specialized education. But what about the women? Does the idea of blue collar jobs and the other gender go hand in hand? For women, the world of blue collar occupations is evolving. These jobs have historically largely been performed by males and typically involve manual labor, such as building buildings or mending cars. But now, a growing number of women are participating. Blue-collar jobs were once thought of as "men's work," but that is no longer the case. More and more women are entering the construction, plumbing, and mechanics industries, demonstrating their ability to perform these tasks on par with men. An increasing number of women are filling these jobs. They're going into welding, truck driving, and electrical work. This shift is taking place due to the high salary and increased availability of these positions. Businesses are beginning to understand the benefits of having a diverse workforce. Women contribute fresh perspectives and expertise. It's not always simple, though. Blue-collar workers may encounter difficulties. Some still see these vocations as inappropriate for women. For this reason, women must receive training and assistance. Women in these sectors can get employment and acquire skills through organizations like Women Who Weld and Professional Women in Construction. The good news is that conditions are improving. A growing number of women are becoming well-paid tradespeople. Additionally, they're helping to reduce the wage gap between men and women. So, more women entering these fields create opportunities for others to follow. Benefits of Blue Collar Jobs for Women Unlike what many people think, there are several benefits of blue collar jobs for women. They offer good pay, stability, and security. Additionally, blue-collar jobs offer many career growth opportunities. These jobs are rewarding and empowering for women. Wondering what the benefits might be in particular? Well, I have you covered! Here are some of the major benefits of blue collar jobs for women: 1. Job Security Firstly, blue collar jobs tend to be one of the most stable jobs in the world. This is because these are also important for the society as a whole. 2. Good Pay Believe it or not, blue-collar jobs pay well. This might increase if you have certain special skills. So, this is a great way for most women to make money. 3. Career Growth As a women, you can definitely think about your career advancements in this field. All you need to do is be diligent and keep trying. 4. Financial Benefits Blue collar jobs offer several healthcare and financial benefits. So, if you are someone who is trying hard to take care of your family, this can be an interesting reason for you to join this industry. 5. Diverse Work Environment Lastly, needless to say, the work environment in the blue collar jobs ave become more and more varied in recent years. And this is one of the reasons why there are several opportunities for you, as a woman, in this industry. Top Blue Collar Jobs for Women in 2024 If you check out Reddit, you will find out that the searches related to the blue collar jobs for women have been growing immensely. However, while the searches and discussions have increased, the options that the users mention are limited to laborers and mechanics. But are these all? That’s the most you can be as a woman if you are in the blue collar industry? Absolutely not! Here is a list of the best blue collar jobs for women in 2024 that you must take a look at: 1. Lockout Tagout The first one on this list is lockout tagout. I know you were not expecting such jobs on this list. But as the saying goes, it is what it is! What is this job about? Lockout tagout, or LOTO for short, is a safety protocol used in industrial and blue-collar industries to make sure that potentially dangerous machinery is turned off correctly and cannot be started up again until maintenance or repairs are finished. Before beginning any repair work, dangerous power sources must be "tagged out" and "locked out." Lockout refers to locking the machine's energy supply so that it cannot be turned on. This could be a specialized tool made to hold an energy-isolating device securely, such as a padlock. The lock makes sure that the machine can't be turned on and that it can only be taken off by the person who installed it or, in their absence, by following a particular, safe method. The process of adding a tag to a locked device is known as "tagout." This tag serves as a warning label and has details like the date, the name of the person who installed the lock, and the rationale behind it. It alerts other employees to the danger of using the machine until the tag is taken off. The goal of LOTO is to safeguard employees against the unplanned activation or starting of machinery and equipment as well as the potential discharge of dangerous energy while performing maintenance or repairs. This is important because unexpected machine starts might result in fatalities or severe injuries. 2. Eyeswash Stations Second on this list is the job of being at an Eyewash Station. Now you might be wondering why? To understand that, you need to first understand how work gets done at eyewash stations in the first place. Just imagine that you are working at a factory, working with certain chemicals. If these get into your eyes, it can be pretty dangerous, leading to losing eyesight. To ensure that things like these don’t happen, it is important to have first aid. The eyewash stations work as a first aid centre for these construction sites. It's usually mounted on a wall or can be a portable unit, and it has a special fixture with two nozzles that are positioned so that they can flush both eyes simultaneously. In blue-collar jobs, where workers are often exposed to risks like flying debris, dust, or chemicals, having an eyewash station is not just a good idea— safety regulations often require it. To ensure that the workers can use these stations in times of emergency, the people who can assist them must be there at all times. That is why organizations are recruiting many people for this blue collar job. So, you can definitely apply for this one! 3. Truck Drivers Thirdly, several people work in the blue-collar industries as truck drivers. And if you think it is a rather predictable option, you are right! But is it a good option? Yes! Transporting goods from one location to another entails lengthy hours spent on the road as a truck driver. This job requires steady driving abilities, the capacity to handle lengthy journeys, and occasionally heavy lifting to load and unload cargo. Because it requires physical labor and is usually paid on an hourly basis, it is classified as blue-collar. Truck driving and other blue-collar vocations were traditionally performed primarily by males, but this is beginning to change. Because these areas provide decent income, employment security, and prospects for growth, more women are pursuing them. For instance, women who drive trucks can experience the freedom of the open road, travel to various parts of the nation, and enjoy being essential to the smooth operation of supply chains. The trucking industry is aggressively seeking to increase the number of female drivers because it recognizes the value that women bring to the profession. This helps diversify the workforce. Additionally, it helps address the long-standing driver shortage. Women are proving to be skilled drivers who frequently offer new abilities and a fresh viewpoint to the field. 4. Landscaper Lastly, if you are searching for some of the best blue-collar jobs for women in 2024, consider a landscaper's job. Yes, I know that the work can be physically tiring. However, nothing comes easily, right? So, what is this one about, and how can women be in this role? Creating and maintaining lovely outdoor environments, such as gardens, parks, and residential neighborhoods, is the task of landscaping. Landscapers create plans for plants and other features, select plants appropriate for the soil and climate, and maintain green areas to their finest appearance. It's a profession that blends art and nature. This labor can be physically taxing because it frequently entails digging, planting, trimming, and occasionally heavy lifting. And this is why, traditionally, males have held most blue-collar jobs like landscaping. However, this is beginning to change. A growing number of women are joining the industry, contributing their skills and viewpoints. They demonstrate the abilities and drive to succeed in positions requiring a strong physical build and an acute sense of design. Clients and landscaping firms alike are beginning to see the value that women offer to the workforce. As a result, the sector is opening up and providing women opportunities to pursue jobs as landscapers. Women in the landscaping industry can work for an organization or launch their own firm, providing everything from complete landscape design and construction to basic grass care. What are the Trends to Follow in Blue Collar Jobs for Women? Now that you are aware of the opportunities that you may have as a woman in the blue collar jobs, you might be wondering: “Is it a growing sector? What are the statistics?” You see, whatever I have mentioned above in this article has data behind it. In blue-collar jobs, women are slowly but definitely building a name for themselves. Even though they currently only make up 14% to 15% of the population, their numbers have increased significantly since the pandemic outbreak. The number of people in employment has grown significantly throughout the years, from 18 million in 1950 to 92 million expected by 2050. However, while it is true that initially, the predictions stated that women are 80% less likely than males to hold these positions, data says otherwise. “In 2022, women comprised 17.0% of all blue-collar workers,” according to CDC’s May Bulletin. This report also stated that from 2011 to 2022, “the proportion of women increased in construction (+1.7%), blue-collar all industries (+3.1%), and blue-collar construction (+2.0%).” Wrapping It Up! Things are looking better for women in blue-collar jobs. Women can perform these jobs, and they can do them well. It's a positive development for workplace equality. Additionally, it's creating a more varied and exciting future for blue-collar jobs. In case you were searching for the best blue-collar jobs for women, I hope that this blog has been helpful to you. If you have any other queries related to the same, please feel free to let me know. All that you need to do is scroll down until you reach the bottom of the page. Then, leave your comments and suggestions in the box below. I will be there to answer them all for you. Learn More About: Is Medical Specialities A Good Career Path? – 12 Best Jobs 5 Little-Known Founder Habits To Advance Your Career & Personal Life Is Aerospace Engineering A Good Career Path? How To Be One In 2024

What Is the Chain of Survival?